Minority Reports: Balancing Cost and Quality in Ground Truth Data Annotation
arXiv:2504.09341v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Data annotation is an essential but costly aspect of developing machine learning-based technology, requiring multiple human workers to repeatedly label each data point in a data set. We explore the tradeoff between annotation accuracy and cost by identifying minority reports---worker responses disagreeing with the reference majority-vote label---that may indicate unnecessary redundancy, and can therefore be proactively pruned before they are executed. We develop a theoretical framework for choosing the number of repeated annotations required for a task and pruning policies at a target label quality. We estimate minority-report risk on two computer vision datasets re-annotated through a professional platform, then evaluate a rolling policy on the assignment stream to prune over 35% of repeats while preserving more than 99.9% of reference majority-vote labels.
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Canonical link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09341