arXiv:2611.13892v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Component-level information supports rooftop photovoltaic (PV) inspection, but recognizing individual components across complex scenes remains challenging. We present PVIS-10K, a dataset of 10,065 drone images with component-level annotations covering 63,632 physical PV modules across 22 rooftop installations. The high-resolution red-green-blue (RGB) images were acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones) in Ningbo, Shaoxing and Shenzhen, China. Multi-angle oblique observations capture installation-height and scale variation, dense arrangements, occlusion, shadows and reflections. Three-dimensional delineation, reprojection and image-by-image review produced 3,516,675 image-level polygon annotations, stored in Common Objects in Context (COCO) format. Station-disjoint partitions support evaluation on unseen stations within and across cities. Four supervised models and text-prompted zero-shot Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM 3) provide full-resolution benchmarks of instance matching and foreground coverage. PVIS-10K supports component localization, delineation and image-based counting for drone-based rooftop PV inspection research.