paper
arXiv cs.LG
October 28th, 2026 at 4:00 AM

PureTD: Reinforcement Learning for Backgammon Money Games with No Evaluation-time Search

arXiv:2608.15146v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We revisit Tesauro's TD-Gammon for backgammon money games in the setting of no evaluation-time search. Both checker play and cube action (use of the doubling cube) are learned from scratch via self-play reinforcement learning (RL), with minimal hand-coded logic and no expert features. In this setting, we demonstrate that pure self-play RL suffices to train models that reach near-state-of-the-art playing strength. Specifically, for cubeful money games, our search-free model evaluates faster and is substantially stronger than the open-source engines GNU Backgammon and Open Sage running a one-move (1-ply) look-ahead search. Our method of training a cubeful model also outperforms the standard approach of training a cubeless model and deriving cubeful equity with Janowski-style formulas, when the two models are equally sized.

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Canonical link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.15146